Introduction to Python for Beginners | Features, Datatypes and Basics Explained
30-03-2026
Introduction to Python – Complete Beginner Guide
What is Python?
Python is a high-level, interpreted, interactive and object oriented scripting language. Python is designed to be highly readable. Python is an object-oriented programming language created by Guido Rossum in 1989.
Python is widely used because it is simple, powerful and supports multiple domains like web, AI and automation.
Where is Python Used?
Python is used for:
-
Web development (server-side)
-
Software development
-
Mathematics
-
System scripting
-
GUI Application
-
Machine Learning
-
Create websites
-
Scrape data from websites
-
Analyse data
-
System Administration Task
-
Game Development
Python Features
Interpreted
An interpreted language which means the source code of a python program is converted into bytecode than is then executed by the python virtual machine.
Python is different from major compiled languages such as C and C++ as python code is not required to be built and linked like code for these languages.
This makes development faster because you can directly run the code.
Object-Oriented
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming language model in which programs are organized around data or objects rather than functions and logic.
High-Level
In computer science, a high-level programming language is a programming language with strong abstraction from the details of the computer.
Python uses English words in its programs and hence it is easy to learn and use.
Founder of Python
Guido Van Rossum
December 1989
Python Versions
-
Python 1.0 – January 1994
-
Python 2.0 – October 2000
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Python 3.0 – December 2008
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Python 3.11 – October 2022
The latest version of python: 3.14 (2024)
Who Uses Python?
Google, Dropbox, NASA, Reddit, Youtube
Python Frameworks
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Django
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Web2py
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TurboGears
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CubicWeb
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Giotto
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Pylon
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Bottle
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CherryPy
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Flask
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Sanic
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Tornado
Basic Elements of Python
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Variable
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Datatype
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Operators
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Control structures
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Functions
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Comments
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Modules
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Input / Output
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Exception handling
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Libraries
Variable
In python a variable is a reserved memory location used to store values.
You can assign a value to a variable using the assignment operator (=).
A variable is a named location used to store data in the memory.
Example:
a = 5
Multiple variable and multiple value in a single line:
a, b, c = 10, 20, 30
a, b, c = 10, 20, "thirty"
Same value to multiple variables:
a = b = c = d = 10
Comments
In python we use the hash (#) symbol to start writing a comment.
Another way of doing this is to use triple quotes either ''' or """.
Example:
This is a comment
print Hello world
print("Hello world")
'''
This is example of
multiple line comments
'''
"""
This is
example of
multi-line comments
"""
Datatypes in Python
Python has standard datatypes:
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Numbers
-
String
-
List
-
Tuple
-
Dictionary
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Boolean
Numbers
Numbers datatypes store numeric values. Integers, floating point numbers and complex numbers fall under number datatype.
Types:
-
int
-
float
-
complex
int datatype
The int datatype represents an integer number.
An integer number is a number without any decimal point or fraction part.
Example:
200
-50
0
9888998700
a = -57
In python there is no limit for the size of an int datatype.
float datatype
The float datatype represents floating point numbers.
A floating point number contains a decimal point.
Example:
0.5
-3.4567
290.08
0.0001
num = 55.67998
Floating numbers can also be written in scientific notation using e or E.
Example:
2.5 × 10⁴
x = 2.5E4
complex datatype
A complex number is written in the form of a + bj.
Example:
1 + 2j
c1 = -1 - 5.5j
type() function is used to know which class a value belongs to.
isinstance() function is used to check the type of a variable.
Example:
print(isinstance(10, int))
String Datatype
A string is represented by a group of characters.
Strings are enclosed in single quotes or double quotes.
Example:
str1 = "welcome"
str2 = 'welcome'
Loop example:
for x in "Alex":
print(x)
We can also write strings using triple quotes to span multiple lines.
Example:
str1 = """ This is a book on python which discuss all the topics of core python """
str2 = ''' This is a book on python which discuss all the topics of core python '''
List Datatype
List are very similar to array. It is one of the most used datatype in python and is very flexible.
They can contain any type of variable and they can contain as many variables as you wish. List is mutable.
All the items in a list do not need to be of the same type.
List are enclosed in [] brackets and their element and size can be changed.
Example:
list = [10, 10.5, "FRUXINFO"]
print(list)
List can be modified.
Tuple Datatype
A tuple is another datatype that is similar to the list.
Tuple is once created cannot be modified.
Tuple is immutable datatype.
Tuples are enclosed in parentheses () and cannot be update.
Example:
tpl = (10, -20, 15.5, "Vivej", "Harry")
tpl = (10, 20, 30, "Rashmi", 40, 50, "Technology", 160)
Dictionary Datatype
Dictionary are enclosed by curly braces {} and value can be assigned and accessed using square braces [].
student = {
"name": "Fruxinfo",
"age": 15,
"course": "Web Development Company",
"city": "Ahmedabad"
}
print(student)
Features of Python
Easy to learn
Python uses very few keywords.
Its program use very simple structure so developing program becomes easy.
Python resembles C language, so migrating from C to python is easy.
Easy to read
Python is a simple programming language.
Reading python code feels like reading English sentences.
This gives more clarity and less stress on understanding syntax.
Easy to maintain
Use meaningful variable and function names.
Use comments to explain code.
Use tests to ensure your code is working properly.
Free and open-source
There is no need to pay for python software.
Python can be downloaded from www.python.org.
Its source code can be modified and reused.
Portable
Python code can run on different platforms without modification.
It works on Windows, Mac OS and Linux.
Extensible
Code written in C or C++ can be integrated into python.
Embeddable
Python code can be used inside other programming languages.
Object-Oriented
Python supports classes and objects.
It supports inheritance, polymorphism and encapsulation.
It helps to write reusable code.
Low Level vs High Level Language
A low level language uses machine code instructions.
Machine language and assembly language are low level languages.
High level languages use English words.
They are easy to learn and use like COBOL, PHP, JAVA and Python.
Python uses English words and hence it is a high level language.
Conclusion
Python is a powerful, easy to learn and flexible programming language. It supports multiple programming styles and is widely used in modern technology fields like web development, data analysis and machine learning.
Because of its readability and simplicity, python is the best choice for beginners as well as professionals.
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